Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system, leading to abnormal brain activity and resulting in seizures or episodes of unusual behavior, sensations, and occasionally loss of awareness.
This condition is not limited to specific demographics; it can affect individuals of any race, ethnic background, gender, or age. Seizure symptoms exhibit considerable variation, ranging from moments of blank staring to repetitive twitching of arms or legs. It’s important to note that experiencing a single seizure does not necessarily indicate epilepsy. Typically, an epilepsy diagnosis requires at least two unprovoked seizures occurring at least 24 hours apart.
Fortunately, many individuals with epilepsy can manage their condition effectively through medications or, in some cases, surgery. While some may require ongoing treatment to control seizures, others may eventually see a resolution of their symptoms. In certain instances, children with epilepsy may outgrow the condition as they age. Treatment approaches are tailored to each individual’s specific needs and circumstances.
Epilepsy Treatment in Pune
Key facts
- Epilepsy is a chronic noncommunicable disease of the brain that affects people of all ages.
- Around 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, making it one of the most common neurological diseases globally.
- Nearly 80% of people with epilepsy live in low- and middle-income countries.
- It is estimated that up to 70% of people living with epilepsy could live seizure- free if properly diagnosed and treated.
- The risk of premature death in people with epilepsy is up to three times higher than for the general population.
- Three quarters of people with epilepsy living in low-income countries do not get the treatment they need.
- In many parts of the world, people with epilepsy and their families suffer from stigma and discrimination.
Signs and symptoms
Epilepsy manifests through a variety of signs and symptoms, which can vary widely among individuals. Common indicators of epilepsy include:
1. Seizures: The hallmark symptom of epilepsy, seizures can take various forms, such as:
– Generalized tonic-clonic seizures: Involving muscle rigidity, convulsions, and loss of consciousness.
– Absence seizures: Brief episodes of staring or lack of responsiveness.
– Focal seizures: Originating in a specific part of the brain, leading to localized symptoms like twitching or sensory changes.2. Unusual Sensations: Some individuals may experience unusual sensations or feelings before, during, or after a seizure. These can include déjà vu, strange smells, tastes, or a rising sense of fear or anxiety.
3. Loss of Awareness: During certain seizures, individuals may lose awareness or consciousness, leading to memory gaps or confusion afterward.
4. Automatisms: Involuntary and repetitive movements, such as lip-smacking or hand rubbing, can occur during certain types of seizures.
Additionally, some individuals may have epilepsy without outwardly visible signs, making diagnosis and management crucial for effective treatment. If someone is suspected of having epilepsy, a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional or neurologist (Dr. Vishal Deshpande) is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
Rates of disease
Epilepsy constitutes a significant global health burden, impacting approximately 50 million individuals worldwide. The prevalence of active epilepsy, characterized by ongoing seizures or the need for treatment, is estimated to range from 4 to 10 cases per 1000 people at any given time.
Annually, an estimated 5 million new cases of epilepsy are diagnosed globally. In high-income countries, the yearly diagnosis rate is approximately 49 cases per 100,000 people, while in low- and middle-income countries, this figure can soar to 139 cases per 100,000. This disparity is attributed to various factors, including a higher prevalence of endemic conditions such as malaria or neurocysticercosis, increased risks of road traffic injuries and birth-related injuries, and variations in medical infrastructure, accessibility of preventive health programs, and available care. Notably, nearly 80% of individuals with epilepsy reside in low- and middle-income countries.
Causes of Epilepsy
Epilepsy can result from a variety of causes, and the specific factors contributing to the condition can vary among individuals. Common causes of epilepsy include:
1. Genetic Factors: Some cases of epilepsy have a genetic basis, with certain genes increasing susceptibility to seizures.
2. Brain Abnormalities: Structural or developmental abnormalities in the brain, such as tumors, strokes, or malformations, can trigger epilepsy.
3. Head Injuries: Traumatic brain injuries resulting from accidents or falls can increase the risk of epilepsy, particularly if the injury affects specific areas of the brain.
4. Infections: Certain infections affecting the brain, such as meningitis or encephalitis, can lead to epilepsy.
5. Prenatal Factors: Exposure to adverse prenatal conditions, such as infections, maternal drug use, or lack of oxygen during birth, may contribute to epilepsy.
6. Metabolic Disorders: Disorders affecting metabolism, like phenylketonuria (PKU), can be associated with an increased risk of epilepsy.
7. Neurological Diseases: Conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders may be linked to epilepsy.
8. Vascular Conditions: Cardiovascular conditions affecting blood supply to the brain, such as strokes or aneurysms, can contribute to epilepsy.
9. Developmental Disorders: Certain developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, may increase the risk of epilepsy.
10. Environmental Factors: Exposure to environmental toxins, lead poisoning, or certain medications can contribute to epilepsy.
It’s important to note that, in some cases, the cause of epilepsy may remain unknown (idiopathic epilepsy). If someone looking for Epilepsy treatment then you need the best neurologists and in Pune, you can contact Dr. Vishal Deshpande for accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.
Treatment
Controlling seizures is achievable, and up to 70% of individuals with epilepsy can attain freedom from seizures through the appropriate use of antiseizure medications. Consideration for discontinuing antiseizure medication may arise after a seizure-free period of 2 years, taking into account relevant clinical, social, and personal factors. The most consistent predictors of seizure recurrence include a documented cause for the seizure and an abnormal electroencephalography (EEG) pattern.
However, in low-income countries, around three-quarters of individuals with epilepsy may face a “treatment gap,” indicating inadequate access to necessary treatments. In many low- and middle-income countries, there is limited availability of antiseizure medications, with the average availability of generic antiseizure medicines in the public sector falling below 50%. This shortage can serve as a significant barrier to treatment accessibility.
Notably, the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy can often be accomplished at the primary health-care level without the need for sophisticated equipment. WHO pilot projects have shown that training primary health-care providers to diagnose and treat epilepsy can effectively reduce the treatment gap. For patients who exhibit poor responses to drug treatments, surgery might emerge as a beneficial alternative.
For Epilepsy Treatment in Pune you can consult Dr. Vishal Deshpande he is the Best Neurologist in Kothrud, Pune, and has experience of 15 years in this field. Dr. Vishal Deshpande practices at Neurology Clinic in Pimpri-Chinchwad, Pune, NEUROLOGY CLINIC in Kothrud, Pune, and Bhakare Super Speciality Hospital and Research Institute in Katraj, Pune.
Prevention
Approximately 25% of epilepsy cases are preventable. Key preventive measures include strategies to avoid head injuries, ensuring adequate perinatal care to reduce birth-related epilepsy, managing fever in children to lower the risk of febrile seizures, and focusing on cardiovascular risk reduction to prevent epilepsy associated with stroke. In regions with high incidences of central nervous system infections, such as tropical areas, eliminating parasites and educating individuals on infection prevention can be effective in reducing epilepsy cases, including those linked to conditions like neurocysticercosis.